Invisible Nature by Kenneth Worthy

Author:Kenneth Worthy
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Published: 2013-07-09T16:00:00+00:00

culture/nature

reason/nature

male/female

mind/body

mind/nature

master/slave

reason/emotion

reason/matter

rationality/animality

universal/particular

production/reproduction

human/nature

subject/object

self/other36

In each of these pairs Western mainstream philosophy elevates the member on the left and diminishes the one on the right. It also aligns all the members on the left with one another and all the members on the right with one another. Thus, reason and culture, thought Plato and other Western philosophers, belong to the male. Nature and reproduction align with the female, all parts of the lower sphere of existence. Plato said male reason should concern itself with the Forms, which are universal. Women and slaves in his society did much of the work with nature, providing for others and allowing men to engage in more mental labor.

Plumwood finds that the most potent streams of Western thought, the “Platonic, Aristotelian, Christian-rationalist, and Cartesian-rationalist traditions,” conceive a profound “hyper-separation” of humans from nature. The mind-body and reason-nature dualisms lie at the center of the divide. She writes,

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